Platón, ética y política: armonía / justicia personal y colectiva.
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Plato's ethics and politics: natural and political harmony
Main concepts: philosopher's rule, ideal government; happiness: rational search. Human being are composed of three souls by nature. Each human must conquer an equilibrium between the three souls that compose him. A person's happiness depends on the conquered guide that each rational soul must persuade. The Ideal Man, a reflection of the forms world, is therefore whom acquired rationally a equilibrium among his souls. Plato's ethics describes how that equilibrium must be conquered with the rational purification of our instincts.
If individually Ethics points out the right path to happiness (eudemonia), the social organization must match this natural reality too. When humans are born one of the three souls is somehow more prevalent. Most humans are born with their concupiscence soul being dominant, those would acquire their personal equilibrium dominating their appetites with temperance (an ethical virtue) and constitute the workers population group (their social position). A minority is born with his irascible soul as prevalent. They must conquer a dominance of his courage (virtue) and form the soldiers or military group (social position). Finally, a small minority is born with the rational soul as prevalent. They must cultivate their mathematical and logical education developing reason, philosophy and science. This last group would be the philosophers who should rule the Republic. Plato's philosophy is therefore a perfect harmonious equilibrium among nature, individual ethical decisions to match such nature, and a social-political structure that should necessarily mach both. |
Ethics harmony with politics (ontology, epistemology and anthropology) |